Know and apply grade-level phonics and word analysis skills in decoding words.

a) Distinguish long and short vowels when reading regularly spelled one-syllable words; b) Know spelling-sound correspondences for additional common vowel teams; c) Decode regularly spelled two-syllable words with long vowels; d) Decode words with common prefixes and suffixes; e) Identify words with inconsistent but common spelling-sound correspondences; f) Recognize and read grade- appropriate irregularly spelled words.

Read with sufficient accuracy and fluency to support comprehension.

a. Read grade-level text with purpose and understanding; b) Read grade-level text orally with accuracy, appropriate rate, and expression; c) Use context to confirm or self-correct word recognition and understanding, rereading if necessary.

Read closely to determine what the text says explicitly and to make logical inferences from it; cite specific textual evidence when writing or speaking to support conclusions drawn from the text.

Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.

Ask and answer such questions as who, what, where, when, why, and how to demonstrate understanding of key details in a text.

Determine central ideas or themes of a text and analyze their development; summarize the key supporting details and ideas.

Recount stories, including fables and folktales from diverse cultures, and determine their central message, lesson, or moral.

Identify the main topic of a multi paragraph text as well as the focus of specific paragraphs within the text.

Analyze how and why individuals, events, and ideas develop and interact over the course of a text.

Describe how characters in a story respond to major events and challenges.

Describe the connection between a series of historical events, scientific ideas or concepts, or steps in technical procedures in a text.

Interpret words and phrases as they are used in a text, including determining technical, connotative, and figurative meanings, and analyze how specific word choices shape meaning or tone.

Describe how words and phrases (e.g., regular beats, alliteration, rhymes, repeated lines) supply rhythm and meaning in a story, poem, or song.

Determine the meaning of words and phrases in a text relevant to a grade 2 topic or subject area.

Analyze the structure of texts, including how specific sentences, paragraphs, and larger portions of the text (e.g., a section, chapter, scene, or stanza) relate to each other and the whole.

Describe the overall structure of a story, including describing how the beginning introduces the story and the ending concludes the action.

Know and use various text features (e.g., captions, bold print, subheadings, glossaries, indexes, electronic menus, icons) to locate key facts or information in a text efficiently.

Assess how point of view or purpose shapes the content and style of a text.

Acknowledge differences in the points of view of characters, including by speaking in a different voice for each character when reading dialogue aloud.

Identify the main purpose of a text, including what the author wants to answer, explain, or describe.

Integrate and evaluate content presented in diverse media and formats, including visually and quantitatively, as well as in words.

Use information gained from the illustrations and words in a print or digital text to demonstrate understanding of its characters, setting, or plot.

Explain how specific images (e.g., a diagram showing how a machine works) contribute to and clarify a text.

Delineate and evaluate the argument and specific claims in a text, including the validity of the reasoning as well as the relevance and sufficiency of the evidence.

(Not applicable to literature)

Describe how reasons support specific points the author makes in a text.

Analyze how two or more texts address similar themes or topics in order to build knowledge or to compare the approaches the authors take.

Compare and contrast two or more versions of the same story (e.g., Cinderella stories) by different authors or from different cultures.

Compare and contrast the most important points presented by two texts on the same topic.

Read and comprehend complex literary and informational texts independently and proficiently.

By the end of the year, read and comprehend literature, including stories and poetry, in the grades 2–3 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

By the end of year, read and comprehend informational texts, including history/social studies, science, and technical texts, in the grades 2–3 text complexity band proficiently, with scaffolding as needed at the high end of the range.

Encounter a diverse range of engaging and culturally sensitive text and media that motivate the desire to be literate.

Read - both independently and collaboratively - print, non-print, and multi-modal works proficiently and critically to be media literate.

Write arguments to support claims in an analysis of substantive topics or texts, using valid reasoning and relevant and sufficient evidence.

Write opinion pieces in which they introduce the topic or book they are writing about, state an opinion, supply reasons that support the opinion, use linking words (e.g., because, and, also) to connect opinion and reasons, and provide a concluding statement or section.

Write informative/explanatory texts to examine and convey complex ideas and information clearly and accurately through the effective selection, organization, and analysis of content.

Write informative/explanatory texts in which they introduce a topic, use facts and definitions to develop points, and provide a concluding statement or section.

Write narratives to develop real or imagined experiences or events using effective technique, well-chosen details, and well-structured event sequences.

Write narratives in which they recount a well-elaborated event or short sequence of events, include details to describe actions, thoughts, and feelings, use temporal words to signal event order, and provide a sense of closure.

Create - both independently and collaboratively - technical, non-point, digital, and multi-modal versions of text types and purposes outlined in standards 1, 2, and 3.

Produce clear and coherent writing in which the development, organization, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

(Begins in grade 3)

Strengthen writing craft - both independently and collaboratively - through a recursive writing and revision process and the use of the common vocabulary of the 6-Trait model.

Develop and strengthen writing as needed by planning, revising, editing, rewriting, or trying a new approach.

With guidance and support from adults and peers, focus on a topic and strengthen writing as needed by revising and editing.

Use technology, including the Internet, to produce and publish writing and to interact and collaborate with others.

With guidance and support from adults, use a variety of digital tools to produce and publish writing, including in collaboration with peers.

Conduct short as well as more sustained research projects based on focused questions, demonstrating understanding of the subject under investigation.

Participate in shared research and writing projects (e.g., read a number of books on a single topic to produce a report; record science observations).

Gather relevant information from multiple print and digital sources, assess the credibility and accuracy of each source, and integrate the information while avoiding plagiarism.

Recall information from experiences or gather information from provided sources to answer a question.

Draw evidence from literary or informational texts to support analysis, reflection, and research.

(Begins in grade 4)

Write routinely over extended time frames (time for research, reflection, and revision) and shorter time frames (a single sitting or a day or two) for a range of tasks, purposes, and audiences.

(Begins in grade 3)

Prepare for and participate effectively in a range of conversations and collaborations with diverse partners, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly and persuasively.

Participate in collaborative conversations with diverse partners about grade 2 topics and texts with peers and adults in small and larger groups. a) Follow agreed-upon rules for discussions (e.g., gaining the floor in respectful ways, listening to others with care, speaking one at a time about the topics and texts under discussion); b) Build on others’ talk in conversations by linking their comments to the remarks of others; c) Ask for clarification and further explanation as needed about the topics and texts under discussion.

Integrate and evaluate information presented in diverse media and formats, including visually, quantitatively, and orally.

Recount or describe key ideas or details from a text read aloud or information presented orally or through other media.

Evaluate a speaker’s point of view, reasoning, and use of evidence and rhetoric.

Ask and answer questions about what a speaker says in order to clarify comprehension, gather additional information, or deepen understanding of a topic or issue.

Present information, findings, and supporting evidence such that listeners can follow the line of reasoning and the organization, development, and style are appropriate to task, purpose, and audience.

Tell a story or recount an experience with appropriate facts and relevant, descriptive details, speaking audibly in coherent sentences.

Make strategic use of digital media and visual displays of data to express information and enhance understanding of presentations.

Create audio recordings of stories or poems; add drawings or other visual displays to stories or recounts of experiences when appropriate to clarify ideas, thoughts, and feelings.

Adapt speech to a variety of contexts and communicative tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate.

Produce complete sentences when appropriate to task and situation in order to provide requested detail or clarification. (See grade 2 Language standards 1 and 3 for specific expectations.)

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English grammar and usage when writing or speaking. a) Use collective nouns (e.g., group); b) Form and use frequently occurring irregular plural nouns (e.g., feet, children, teeth, mice, fish); c) Use reflexive pronouns (e.g., myself, ourselves); d) Form and use the past tense of frequently occurring irregular verbs (e.g., sat, hid, told); e) Use adjectives and adverbs, and choose between them depending on what is to be modified; f) Produce, expand, and rearrange complete simple and compound sentences (e.g., The boy watched the movie; The little boy watched the movie; The action movie was watched by the little boy).

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing.

Demonstrate command of the conventions of standard English capitalization, punctuation, and spelling when writing. a) Capitalize holidays, product names, and geographic names; b) Use commas in greetings and closings of letters; c) Use an apostrophe to form contractions and frequently occurring possessives; d.) Generalize learned spelling patterns when writing words (e.g., cage ? badge; boy ? boil); e) Consult reference materials, including beginning dictionaries, as needed to check and correct spellings.

Apply knowledge of language to understand how language functions in different contexts, to make effective choices for meaning or style, and to comprehend more fully when reading or listening.

Use knowledge of language and its conventions when writing, speaking, reading, or listening. a) Compare formal and informal uses of English.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases by using context clues, analyzing meaningful word parts, and consulting general and specialized reference materials, as appropriate.

Determine or clarify the meaning of unknown and multiple-meaning words and phrases based on grade 2 reading and content, choosing flexibly from an array of strategies. a) Use sentence-level context as a clue to the meaning of a word or phrase; b) Determine the meaning of the new word formed when a known prefix is added to a known word (e.g., happy/unhappy, tell/retell); c) Use a known root word as a clue to the meaning of an unknown word with the same root (e.g., addition, additional); d) Use knowledge of the meaning of individual words to predict the meaning of compound words (e.g., birdhouse, lighthouse, housefly; bookshelf, notebook, bookmark); e) Use glossaries and beginning dictionaries, both print and digital, to determine or clarify the meaning of words and phrases.

Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings.

Demonstrate understanding of word relationships and nuances in word meanings. a) Identify real-life connections between words and their use (e.g., describe foods that are spicy or juicy); b) Distinguish shades of meaning among closely related verbs (e.g., toss, throw, hurl) and closely related adjectives (e.g., thin, slender, skinny, scrawny).

Acquire and use accurately a range of general academic and domain-specific words and phrases sufficient for reading, writing, speaking, and listening at the college and career readiness level; demonstrate independence in gathering vocabulary knowledge when encountering an unknown term important to comprehension or expression.

Use words and phrases acquired through conversations, reading and being read to, and responding to texts, including using adjectives and adverbs to describe (e.g., When other kids are happy that makes me happy).